Ethics Training - Subjecto.com (2023)

If there is sufficient evidence to proceed, what is the next main phase that takes place after the inquiry in response to a research misconduct allegation?
The resolution
Mediation
An investigation
Arbitration

An investigation The investigation phase occurs after the inquiry if there is sufficient evidence to indicate that research misconduct may have taken place.

The typical first main phase in response to a research misconduct allegation is called:

Remediation
The adjudication
The audit
The inquiry

The inquiry The inquiry is generally the first main phase in response to a research misconduct allegation.

If a researcher creates the idea for a project and is not listed in the preferred author order position on resulting publications, is this considered to be research misconduct under federal policy?

No; instead it is a type of authorship dispute.
Yes because it involves a form of fabrication.
No; instead it is a type of financial conflict of interest.
Yes because it involves a form of falsification.

No; instead it is a type of authorship dispute. Situations involving disagreements about author order are not considered to be research misconduct under federal policy.

Which type of research misconduct most likely occurred if someone intentionally removes data points from the data set in order to generate a deceptive conclusion?
Falsification
Fabrication
Plagiarism
Unauthorized access

Falsification This situation most likely involves falsification. Falsification includes deceptively changing or omitting data.

Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct?
Limiting data sharing
Good mentoring
Creating hypercompetitive research environments
Working unsupervised

Good mentoring Among the options mentioned, good mentoring is the most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct.

What is the primary responsibility of oversight bodies (such as an IRB or IACUC)?

To ensure that a study is methodologically and technically sound.
To determine if authorship credit has been correctly specified.
To determine compliance with regulatory requirements, including those relating to protecting research subjects.
To assess whether the research team has completed data management training.

To determine compliance with regulatory requirements, including those relating to protecting research subjects. The primary responsibility of oversight bodies (such as an IRB or IACUC) is to assess legal-regulatory compliance, and if applicable, to protect research subjects.

Which of the following is most likely to own the data resulting from a research project?

The organization that receives federal funding for a project.
A graduate student working under the direction of a faculty member.
A technician who collected the data.
A faculty member working on a federally-funded project.

The organization that receives federal funding for a project. The organization that receives a federally-funded grant can typically claim ownership of the data from the project.

Which of the following statements is true concerning data selection?

A data selection strategy is required by federal law.
A good data selection strategy can eliminate the need for data collection.
A data selection strategy must be established after the data are collected.
Establishing a data selection strategy prior to collecting data decreases the chance of a biased outcome.

Establishing a data selection strategy prior to collecting data decreases the chance of a biased outcome. The data selection strategy should be planned in advance to minimize bias. The selection strategy is an essential part of the research plan, but there is no federal mandate for it.

Which of the following is true regarding the reporting of research results?

A delay in reporting research results is not allowed by the U.S. government.
Details of study design and execution should be omitted from publications unless requested.
Details of data selection procedures should be omitted from publications unless requested.
Clear specification of the methods and procedures used is essential.

Clear specification of the methods and procedures used is essential. Clear specification of the methods and procedures used is essential. Details of study design and execution, including data selected or excluded, is typically a core requirement.

Which of the following is true regarding data analysis?

Data analysis methods should usually be specified in advance before a study begins.
Disciplines and professions do not provide guidance on data analysis.
Data analysis methods are generally uniform across disciplines.
Data analysis methods can typically be specified at the close of a study after it is clear what kind of data has been collected.

Data analysis methods should usually be specified in advance before a study begins. In general, data analytic methods should be specified before any data are collected to avoid the impression of picking a method to achieve a desired result. Acceptable data analysis methods often vary depending on the field and the research context.

Which of the following is true regarding an acknowledgments section?

The contributions of technicians and other researchers are often listed in the acknowledgments section if they do not meet all of the criteria for authorship.
Journals typically request that the person who provides financial support for the research be listed as an author instead of being listed in the acknowledgments section.
It is the norm that individuals should not be asked whether they want to be listed in the acknowledgments section.
An acknowledgments section is necessary for disclosing if research is supported by federal funds but the section is not necessary if research is supported by a corporate sponsor.

The contributions of technicians and other researchers are often listed in the acknowledgments section if they do not meet all of the criteria for authorship. Acknowledgments are usually for giving credit to sponsors and others who were involved with a project but who do not meet all of the requirements of an author.

Which of the following is an example of plagiarism?

Listing someone as an author who did not actually contribute to the publication.
Selectively presenting data that support the key findings of a paper.
Presenting someone else’s ideas or words and claiming them as one’s own.
Failing to report all of a study’s conditions.

Presenting someone else’s ideas or words and claiming them as one’s own. Plagiarism involves presenting someone else’s ideas or words and claiming them as one’s own.

Which author is normally responsible for sharing reprints of a publication with readers?

The corresponding author.
The author who has made the most significant contribution.
The last author.
The first author.

The corresponding author. The corresponding author is normally responsible for sharing reprints of a publication with readers.

Which of the following is a responsibility of each author?

Performing the data analysis.
Corresponding with the journal editor.
Directly observing data collection.
Confirming that data have been accurately presented.

Confirming that data have been accurately presented. Along with other responsibilities, each author should confirm that data have been accurately presented.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines?

The first author is the only person that is held publicly responsible for the contents of the paper.
Conducting the technical aspects of the research is sufficient to warrant authorship.
Acquiring funding for a research project is sufficient to warrant authorship.
Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship but who have made a noteworthy contribution are normally listed in the acknowledgments section.

Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship but who have made a noteworthy contribution are normally listed in the acknowledgments section. Authors must make significant contributions to the research. In general, contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should, with their consent, be listed in the acknowledgments section.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of reviewers?

Reviewers can make use of the information in a manuscript before it is published, giving them an advantage over competitors.
Reviewers should be an advocate for the author and to help convince the editor to publish the manuscript.
Reviewers should identify the positive and negative aspects of a manuscript, and indicate where improvements are needed.
Reviewers are not supposed to turn down opportunities to review manuscripts even if they lack the relevant expertise.

…

Which of the following statements is true regarding the regulations that govern research?

U.S. funded research collaborations are often governed by U.S. regulations no matter where the research takes place.

The National Research Act of 1974

Identified the basic ethical principles of human subjects research.
Identified guidelines to ensure the ethical conduct of research.
Established the National Commission.
Required that all federal agencies have the same regulations governing human subjects research.

Established the National Commission.

IRB continuing review of a greater than minimal risk approved protocol that is currently enrolling subjects must:

Include copies of all signed consent forms.
Occur at least annually.
Be conducted by an expedited review.
Occur only when the level of risk changes.

Occur at least annually.